What are Aseptic Techniques - 1230 Words

Introduction Aseptic techniques were practised by microbiologists in order to eliminate unwanted microorganisms in their working environment, protecting those microbiologists from the potential pathogenic microorganisms and preventing the contaminations of microorganisms to the working environment (Henretig King, 2008). One of the ways for practising of aseptic technique is the sterilization of lab equipment such as glassware; liquids such as diluents can be sterilize using the autoclave machine, which using moist heat or saturated steam for sterilization (Henretig King, 2008). The moist heat autoclave machine uses steam as an agent of sterilization. It is ideal for the elimination of bacterial spores than using dry heat. The bacterial spores of bacillus stearothermophilus using in this experiment is a thermophilic bacterium in which it’s range of optimum temperature of 55-60 °C; when the autoclave machine was set to a temperature of 121 °C, pressure of 101kPa and it was operated for 15 minutes . Thus, the bacterial spores can be destroyed and eliminated in such conditions in the autoclave machine (Parija, 2009). The complete sterilization can be achieved if the parameters of the autoclave were followed. During the autoclaving process, bacteria were exposed to high temperature generated by the autoclave machine, high pressure was produced in order to produce a high saturated steam. The steam produced is expanded by the water volume of 785 times, thus a little volume ofShow MoreRelatedreflection on aseptic technique Essay1015 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Reflective Log – Aseptic Technique In this reflection I am going to discuss a procedure that I have carried out whilst I have been on placement and the importance of infection control using the Aspetic Non Touch Technique (ANTT). The procedure I am going to discuss is a dressing change to a leg ulcer which took place during a routine home visit with the community nurse. I am going to use Gibbs Model of Reflection (1988), to reflect on the experience and evaluate my thoughts and feelings of theRead MoreEssay on Aseptic Technique Culturing Microbes1267 Words   |  6 PagesAseptic Technique Culturing Microbes Questions A. What is the difference between a bactericidal and bacteriostatic agent? What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection? Control of growth refers to the prevention of growth of microorganisms. This control is affected in two basic ways: by killing microorganisms or by inhibiting the growth of microorganismsRead MoreMicroscope Lab Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesrunning the sterile loop or wire down into the tube. Once you got the inoculum you drop it into the sterile medium to inoculate it. 2. What is the purpose of aseptic technique? The purpose of using the aseptic technique is to prevent contamination when handling your cultures. 3. Does your lab report contain any messages when your inoculation was not complete? What change in the traffic signals indicates an unsuccessful inoculation? The lab report does not mention anything about inoculation. There’sRead MoreBacteria and Degrees Celsius Essay765 Words   |  4 PagesAseptic Technique Culturing Microbes Purpose: To learn and employ aseptic technique and basic forms of culture media as well as become familiar with the basic requirements of microbial growth and the methods used to control microbial growth. Procedure: Obtained a small Styrofoam cooler placed two small light bulbs in side and observed temperature over 24 hours to ensure temperature could be maintained between 98-100 degrees. Using a 10% bleach solution I then cleaned my work area. TransferringRead MoreAseptic Technique Lab Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesAseptic Technique and Culturing Microbes Lab 3 Brittney Case August 4th 2013 Section: Mic 101 Microbiology Session 1 Abstract: The Purpose of this experiment is to gain knowledge of how to properly use aseptic techniques to transfer cultures, learning about cultured media and how to distinguish various types of microbial growths as well as what is required for them to grow properly. Hypothesis: This exercise will allow me to gain knowledge of how to properly use aseptic techniquesRead MorePreparing A Sterile Field Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesFOR THE COURSE PNT110 OCTOBER, 2016 Abstract Surgical asepsis, or aseptic technique is designed to eliminate all microorganisms, including spores and pathogens, from an object and to protect an area from these microorganisms. Surgical asepsis requires more precautions than medical asepsis. Breaks in technique result in contaminations, thus increasing a patients risk for infection (Church, 2009). Medical asepsis are used during proceduresRead MoreA Brief Note On The Integrated Lab Class844 Words   |  4 Pagesto better patient care. I believe by being accustomed to using and documenting in an EHR, pharmacy students can be better prepared when transitioning to their APPE rotations. The second few weeks we spent time learning drug information research techniques, Aminoglycoside dosing, abbreviated SOAP notes and vital skills Lab. In drug information research, we were taught how to respond appropriately to a drug related question posed by a health care professional. There was a class review of the appropriateRead MoreAseptic Techniques2740 Words   |  11 Pagesother microorganisms that could cause disease. Aseptic techniques refer to a set of skills that are used to ensure any environment being examined or dressed remains free from micro-organisms by not directly touching the wound or any other surface that might come into contact with the wound (McFerran and Martin 2008). Sterilization techniques and effective hand washing technique also play a major role in maintaining aseptic conditions. Aseptic techniques may be adopted in a number of environments includingRead MoreFactors Contributing to the Wound Healing Process Essay568 Words   |  3 Pages Clean (Class I) wounds occur under normal operating room conditions and sterile technique is maintained. Clean-contaminated (Class II) is present when there may have been a minor break in sterile technique and or a non-sterile system was entered (i.e. bowels). Contaminated (Class III) occurs when a traumatic wound is present (i.e. gunshot wound) while also exposing a non-sterile system, and or sterile technique was broken. Dirty-contaminated (Class IV) is present when a traumatic open wouldRead MoreThe Need For Intravascular Catheters Are Evidently Clear1480 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloping complications such as infections, thrombophlebitis, endocarditis and a variety of other metastatic infections. In the hospital setting an estimated 250,000 bloodstream infections (BSI) associated to CVC occur annually, thus the need for proper aseptic skin care. The widely used antiseptic for cleansing CVC sites in the United States was iodine. However several studies have shown that cleansing CVC sites with 2% aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate lowered BSI when compared to iodine. (O’Grady et. al

How Insulin Was Discovered

The experiment that led to the initial discovery of insulin—the hormone manufactured in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood—almost didn’t happen. How Insulin Almost Wasnt Discovered For years scientists have suspected that the secret to controlling elevated levels of glucose lay in the inner reaches of the pancreas. And when, in 1920, a Canadian surgeon named Frederick Banting approached the head of the University of Toronto’s physiology department with an idea about finding that secret, he was initially rebuffed. Banting suspected a mysterious hormone was being produced in a section of the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans. He theorized that the hormone was getting destroyed by the pancreas’ digestive juices. If he could shut down the pancreas but keep the islets of Langerhans working, he might find the missing substance. Fortunately, Banting’s persuasive powers prevailed and department head John McLeod gave him lab space, 10 Langerhans hormone before it could be isolated. If he could stop the pancreas from working, but keep the islets of Langerhans going, he should be able to find the stuff!  experimental dogs, and a medical student assistant named Charles Best. By August of 1921, Banting and Best succeeded in extracting hormones from the islets of Langerhans—which they called insulin after the Latin word for island. When they injected the insulin into dogs with high blood sugar levels, those levels dropped quickly. With McLeod now taking an interest, the men worked quickly to duplicate the results and then set about running a test on a human subject, 14-year-old Leonard Thompson, who saw his blood sugar levels lower and his urine cleared of sugars. The team published there findings in 1923 and Banting and McLeod were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine (Banting shared his award money with Best).  On June 3, 1934,  Banting was knighted for his medical discovery. He was killed in an air crash in 1941.

Explain the process of counseling in detail Free Essays

The initial interview describes the first contact with the client who is the individual in need of counselling. It completes the intake process, a sort of admission of the client into the formalities of counselling. Importance of the Initial Interview: The initial interview is of much importance for several reasons: 1) It helps the counsellor get to know the client better, and make appropriate plan for intervention. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain the process of counseling in detail or any similar topic only for you Order Now These plans include taking up the client for counselling or referring the client to another, appropriate, treatment service. 2) It helps the client to get to know the counsellor etter, and to obtain reassurance and even crisis support, when necessary. 3) It affords the counsellor the opportunity to explain the nature and goals of counselling, and to agree upon the practical arrangements for counselling with the client. In short, the initial interview will help the client and the counsellor to begin the process of understanding and accepting one another. The initial interview normally should proceed along the following lines: 1) Statement of the problem in clear, unambiguous terms 2) Systematic evaluation of the problem, its causes and its effects 3) Identification of circularity 4) Feedback to the client 5) Evaluation of the client’s motivation for counselling 6) Clarification of expectations 7) Setting of goals 8) Establishing a contract 9) Making the practical arrangements for counselling. Let us examine each of these steps that will enable us to actually understand the process involved. Statement of the problem in Clear, Unambiguous Terms More frequently, their thoughts are muddled, and heavily laden with emotional content. Clients do not say, â€Å"l am anxious†, or â€Å"l am depressed†. Instead, they frequently commence with an account of what happened, where and when and how. Often, a client comes for counselling because he has been compelled to do so by a family member, friend, or well-wisher. Such clients are, more often than not, unlikely to cooperate whole-heartedly with counselling. Clients sometimes have difficulties in complying with the practical arrangements for counselling; for example, they may reside too far away, or may not be able to obtain leave from work. A greater problem, however, is that many clients are unwilling to make the personal or life-style changes that are necessary if they are to benefit from counselling. For . example, a husband, ho is convinced that all his problems originate in his wife’s behaviour, may not be willing to accept that he is responsible in many ways for them, and that he needs to make certain changes in his attitudes and behaviour if his marriage is to survive. Or, while a drug addict may realize that his addiction is ruining his life, he may not be willing to give up the company of the friends who are encouraging him in his deviant habits. It is important that the client realizes that the counsellor can only facilitate change; the client must make the primary effort. Breaking maladaptative habits is difficult. Making life-style changes is difficult. The client must be willing to make the necessary efforts with the guidance of the counsellor. It is important, for several reasons, to assess motivations that led the client to seek counselling. If the counsellor understands that the client is poorly motivated for counselling, he can provide an appropriate feedback to the client. Then, in consultation with the client, he can arrive at a pragmatic decision concerning whether or not to proceed with counselling. If a client shows poor motivation and the counsellor decides not to go ahead with counselling, he saves for himself, and his client, a lot oftime. He also saves himself a lot of heartburn; had he proceeded with therapy, and had the client shown poor progress, he would in all likelihood have blamed himself, or questioned his competence. If a client shows poor motivation and the counsellor does decide to proceed with therapy, he would probably set far more modest goals than he would have had the client been more motivated. It may be noted here that the evaluation of motivation is an ongoing process. A client may begin counselling enthusiastically but may later weaken his resolve when he realizes what behavioural changes are necessary. Clarification of Expectations The counsellor needs to find out what the client expects from counselling. Some clients tend to believe that once they tell the counsellor their problems, it is the counsellor’s responsibility (and not their own) to fmd the solutions. Some clients believe that the counsellor will magically work out solutions for problems that have existed for years. The counsellor should, right from the early stages of counselling, put his client on guard against unreasonable expectations, such as expectations of dramatic cures, total cures, one-sided compromises, etc. From a practical perspective, t is imperative to ascertain what the client believes will occur during counselling. Some clients believe that the counsellor will put them on a couch and psychoanalyze them. Other clients believe that the counsellor will ask questions about their childhood. Doubts, misconceptions and myths that clients come with should, General goals of counselling are to reduce emotional distress, to reduce dysfunctional behaviour, to promote adaptation, to develop potentials, and to assist in decision-making. After obtaining a general understanding of the client’s problems and expectations, specific goals of therapy need to be set. The counsellor needs to guide the client in the setting of specific goals because the client is quite likely to be uncertain of what may be expected from counselling. Such goals are best explicitly stated as specific emotional and behavioural changes that are acceptable and desirable to the client and to society. Thus, an ethical element exists in all goal- setting exercises. It is important to break down important goals into their logical sub- components or sub-goals, which, by virtue of such identification, are more easily tackled. For example, when engaging in marital counselling, goals may be stated as follows: 1) Mrs. A should feel less depressed. 2) Mr. Mrs. A should improve their understanding and cooperation on the following issues: a) Disciplining of their children; b) Distribution of household responsibilities; c) Sex d) Relationship with the in-laws etc. Stating goals in such a specific manner may generate a long, laundry-like list; however, there is no bar to the number of goals as long as all the goals are specific, clearly defined, reasonable, and attainable. How to cite Explain the process of counseling in detail, Essays

Masters in Business Management

Question: What is the procedure of benchmarking a business? Answer: Petuskiene and Glinskiene (2015) have stated that benchmarking a business is a procedure of measuring the performance against similar-sized business in the operating industry. It can be stated that the benchmarking provides essential information regarding how an organization can enhance the overall business. Therefore, it can be opined that benchmarking is a dimension of the superiority of the company rules, products, approaches and programs along with their strong contrast with the standard dimensions or comparable measurements of its peers. Rolstadas (2012) has mentioned the objectives of the benchmarking and the first one is to decide what and where the developments are called for and secondly to investigate how other companies accomplish their elevated performance levels. Most importantly, benchmarking is largely used to use this information in order to enhance performance. Zhu (2014) has mentioned in his research work that benchmarking is one of the procedures of recognizing the best practices in sole relation to both the product as well as the processes by which those products are created and delivered. In this part, it can be stated that the application of benchmarking takes into account four major keys steps and these are like thoughtful in detail existing commerce procedure and then evaluating the industry procedures of others. The third step takes into account comparing own business presentation with that of others analyzed and the last step focuses on implementing the steps necessary to close the performance gap. Therefore, it can be stated that all the companies are required to focus on benchmarking, as this enhances the performance by recognizing as well as applying the best demonstrated practices to the operations and the sales (Productivity Commission 2012). Rolstadas (2013) has stated that Six Sigma is an inclusive as well as elastic scheme for attaining, supporting as well as improving the business success. It can be stated that the six sigma model is exclusively determined by a close understanding of the consumer requirements, regulation use of the facts, statistics as well as statistical analysis and industrious attention towards managing, improving as well as reinventing the entire business procedure. Therefore, it can be stated that the Six Sigma procedure is based on the notion that procedure difference can be reduced utilizing the statistical tools. Apart from discussing this Six Sigma, it can be stated that it is required to focus on lean as well because this is the major part of this methodology. It can be stated that lean is a set of tools developed in order to reduce the waste connected with the flow of the resources as well as information in a well-designed process from beginning towards the end. However, it can be stated th at the objective of lean is to recognize and eliminate the non-essential and non-valued added steps in the business procedure in order to streamline production, enhance quality as well as increase consumer faithfulness (Hong et al. 2012). Bruneel et al. (2012) have argued that Lean methods can be employed inside the DMAIC structure to supplement Six Sigma apparatus when the projects concentration is to enhance process speed and competence. Therefore, in a nutshell, it can be stated that the Lean Six Sigma is a proper combination of the two influential procedure enhancement techniques and these are lean and Six Sigma. After analyzing the nature of the Lean Six Sigma, it can be stated that Lean Six Sigma methodology is one of the effective and integrated approach to the business problem solving. It can be seen that the Lean and Six Sigma model is useful for the companies in order to achieve the breakthroughs in the quality and the cost reduction. It is helpful in reducing as well eliminating time-based inefficiencies in the transactional processes. It is beneficial in achieving both the bottom line and the soft cost savings. It is required to communicate the worth of the Lean Six Sigma procedure developments to put on buy-in from the higher administration and the employees. Moreover, it has been seen that used Lean and Six Sigma model helps the organizations to overcome the barriers to process optimization (Mousa 2013). Research works have stated that Lean Six Sigma is generally intended to enhance the superiority of the procedure outputs by searching and eliminating the reasons of mistakes and the difference inside the existing commerce procedure, especially in the manufacturing and the commerce divisions. Therefore, it can be stated that this allows the businesses to make sure proper efficiency in their procedures, decrease cycle times and enhance customer service. This particular approach has two major points. The first one is delighting the customers with speed and quality. The other one in this part is improving the entire business process flow and speeds (Hilton and Sohal 2012). Antony et al. (2012) have mentioned in his research work that lean is a production procedure with the major principle of protecting worth with less work. Therefore, it can be stated that operations that fall short to generate worth for the end customer are estimated extravagant. Eliminating waste and surplus procedures reduce the entire creation time of the company and the overall costs. It can be stated that the strengths of lean is its fast accomplishment and the immediate benefits related to the productivity, reduction of error along with customer lead times. In case of the small and the big organizations, long-standing benefits count enhancements to the financial performance along with the customer satisfaction and morale of the employees. Besides lean, Six Sigma concentrates on defects from variation. Many leading and the successful companies like Motorola uses Six Sigma model (Pyzdek and Keller 2014). Additionally, it can be stated that Six Sigma model is one of the powerful techniques for searching the main reasons of the imperfections. Motorola has developed realistic ways to utilize this hypothesis of Six Sigma for achieving 10-fold improvement in quality, cost and the services in the five years. Six Sigma is an association arrangement for the overall and the continuous improvement that takes into account Champions, Black Belts and the Green Belts. Properly mixed with a focus on emphasizing projects based on the financial and the customer impact, Six Sigma can easily convert a culture through incessant enhancement (Fadly Habidin and Mohd Yusof 2013). It can be stated that in the recent years, most of the big companies have been successfully using Six Sigma Methodology in order to decrease the overall mistakes along with extreme cycle times, disorganized procedures and the overruns of costs connected to the monetary reporting schemes. In this part, focus would be shed on a case study that is related to the ongoing Account Reconciliation Enhancement Project conducted by the finance subdivision of a main U.S. defense supplier. The major aim of the scheme was to rationalize as well as stabilize the establishment and the upholding of costing and planning for all business activities within the present financial management procedure. The Six Sigma accomplishment resulted in an important lessening in the standard cycle time and cost, per unit of movement and required to manufacture the requisite economic reports (Assarlind et al. 2013). Reports state the fact that in the year 1987, Motorola was one of the leading companies that developed and prearranged the particular Six Sigma development Methodology to gain the world class presentation along with entire consumer satisfaction and quality. From that specified time, it can be seen that minimum 25% of the Fortune 200, counting Motorola, General Electric, Boeing, Ford, Toyota, Kodak. Bank of America and some other leading organizations implemented a Six Sigma Program. After implementing this model in the organizational procedure, most of these companies claimed that this model significantly enhanced the overall profitability of the organization. For example, it can be stated the General Electric in the year 1998, claimed the reimbursement of $1.2 billion and the costs of $450 million, for their net benefits of $750 million. Like General Electric, Allied Signal as well reported that the Six Sigma model has reported that this has been one of the major factors in reaching the cost of $1.5 billion in the predictable investments. Six Sigma has as well facilitated Honeywell to decrease the expansion time requisite to the design Web sites by 84% for its specialty resources (Manville et al. 2012). However, Habidin and Yusof (2012) have stated that the Six Sigma has been defined as one of the effective management strategy for enhancing the product and the process quality. On the other hand, some have stated the fact that it is a numerical term mostly used to measure the process variations and this model works to systematically manage the variations and at the same time eliminate the defects. It is required to mention that practical prop up places like economics, bookkeeping, human resources, marketing, procurement as well as trade have not kept proper pace with the manufacturing in implementing the Six Sigma agendas. After implementing this model in the business process, it can be stated that near about 14% of the public dealing companies have inefficient interior controls that results in output errors, inefficient process and the cost overruns (De Mast and Lokkerbol 2012). The research paper has stated that the Six Sigma is used in the Sales and Marketing and Accounting and Finance and the result is positive enough in this regards. However, it can be stated that most of the research works have tried to assess the impact of Six Sigma on the overall financial performance that have taken place at the aggregate industry level of analyzes. But in reality, it can be seen that very few actual cases have been reported of the impact of Six Sigma on the finance process itself (De Mast and Lokkerbol 2012). At the core of the Six Sigma Model, there exist a model named DMAIC and these are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. It can be stated that each of the DMAIC phases has clear objectives as well as tasks along with the proven techniques. From several reports, it has already been found that Six Sigma model originated from Motorola and after that, several companies adopted this model called General Electric. In this part focus would be shed on implementing Six Sigma in the small scale businesses. The company was plagued with declining productivity and to deal with the situation carefully, the management of the company used the DMAIC model that divided the project in the following parts (Habidin and Yusof 2012). The define phrase is self-explanatory and in this phase, the project team created a process map and SIPOC diagram, i.e. Supplier, Input, Process, Output and Consumers for the bushing manufacturing process. The next stage, which is the Measure phrase, the management team of the company gathers data regarding the process. This procedure is not as much straightforward as it looks though. Initially, the management of the corporation required to ensure that one can trust the fetched data by conducting a measurement system analysis. After this Measure phase, comes the Analysis phase and the responsible team then applied a variety of data analysis instruments, utilizing Minitab Statistical Software. For that, firstly, it is required to conduct a process capability analysis and the other effective tool is Z.bench score. At the time of incorporating this model, it is necessary enough to understand the culture of the organization. It is required to analyze that the employees in the organizatio n are whether individualistic or collaborative (Assarlind et al. 2013). Apart from that, it is necessary to gain more clarity with the software tools, as the homegrown or something like Minitab helps a company to analyze the graphs challenges statistically. Some have advised that it is required to commit the necessary times, staffs and the resources. In order to do that, the company is required to point a person inside the organization who has a specified strategic viewpoint on the concerned business. Above all, it can be stated that focus must be on the customers, as any improvement process is designed to enhance the customer satisfaction (Rolstadas 2012). Based on the benchmark, the company is required to focus on incorporating the Lean Six Sigma Model for the overall enhancement of the business process. References Antony, J., Krishan, N., Cullen, D. and Kumar, M., 2012. Lean Six Sigma for higher education institutions (HEIs) Challenges, barriers, success factors, tools/techniques.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,61(8), pp.940-948. Assarlind, M., Gremyr, I. and Bckman, K., 2013. Multi-faceted views on a Lean Six Sigma application.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,30(4), pp.387-402. Bruneel, J., Ratinho, T., Clarysse, B. and Groen, A., 2012. The Evolution of Business Incubators: Comparing demand and supply of business incubation services across different incubator generations.Technovation,32(2), pp.110-121. De Mast, J. and Lokkerbol, J., 2012. An analysis of the Six Sigma DMAIC method from the perspective of problem solving.International Journal of Production Economics,139(2), pp.604-614. Fadly Habidin, N. and Mohd Yusof, S.R., 2013. Critical success factors of Lean Six Sigma for the Malaysian automotive industry.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma,4(1), pp.60-82. Habidin, N.F. and Yusof, S.M., 2012. Relationship between lean six sigma, environmental management systems, and organizational performance in the Malaysian automotive industry.International Journal of Automotive Technology,13(7), pp.1119-1125. Hilton, R.J. and Sohal, A., 2012. A conceptual model for the successful deployment of Lean Six Sigma.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,29(1), pp.54-70. Hong, P., Hong, S.W., Jungbae Roh, J. and Park, K., 2012. Evolving benchmarking practices: a review for research perspectives.Benchmarking: An International Journal,19(4/5), pp.444-462. Manville, G., Greatbanks, R., Krishnasamy, R. and Parker, D.W., 2012. Critical success factors for Lean Six Sigma programmes: a view from middle management.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,29(1), pp.7-20. Mousa, A., 2013. Lean six sigma Model.International journal of Scientific Engineering research,4(5), pp.1154-1162. Petuskiene, E. and Glinskiene, R., 2015. Entrepreneurship as the basic element for the successful employment of benchmarking and business innovations.Engineering Economics,22(1), pp.69-77. Productivity Commission, 2012. Performance benchmarking of Australian business regulation: planning, zoning and development assessments.SSRN Working Paper Series. Pyzdek, T. and Keller, P.A., 2014.The six sigma handbook(p. 25). McGraw-Hill Education. Rolstadas, A. ed., 2012.Performance management: A business process benchmarking approach. Springer Science Business Media. Rolstadas, A. ed., 2013.Benchmarkingtheory and practice. Springer. Zhu, J., 2014.Quantitative models for performance evaluation and benchmarking: data envelopment analysis with spreadsheets(Vol. 213). Springer.